Table of Contents

1. Description
2. Usage
3. Defined types
4. Bolt plan
5. Feedback
6. Development

Description

Like many other modules on puppet forge, this module creates resources from data defined in hiera hashes. The difference is that this module supports ALL types and defined types from ANY module. This module also avoids using the legacy "create_resources" function in favor of iteration with abstracted resource types. Support for new types is enabled by using the types parameter with an array of additional types. Of course, when using types from other modules, the module actually providing the type must be present in the environment.

By default, the module implements all the native resource types supported by the puppet agent, the 'file_line' type from puppetlabs/stdlib, and the local defined type 'binary'. Data for each enabled type is obtained through an explicit lookup() that defaults to an empty hash. This means that unless there are resources defined in hiera the module won't do anything.

Usage

To get started, just assign the module to nodes and define resources in hiera. Use types::<type_name> where type_name can be ANY type or defined type from ANY module present in the environment. To use types not natively supported by the puppet agent, you must define the array types::types and include the names of the additional types. See the examples for a demonstration that leverages types from other modules, and see the 'types' notes for how to define default values for any type.

Many puppet modules only perform simple tasks like installing packages, writing configuration files, and starting services. Since this module can do all these things and more, it's possible to replace the functionality of many modules by using this one and defining the resources in hiera.

Use relationship metaparameters in hiera data to order resource dependencies. A typical application will have 'package', 'file', and 'service' resources, and the logical order would have the file resource(s) 'require' the package, and either have the service resource 'subscribe' to the file resource(s) or have the file resource(s) 'notify' the corresponding service. This is demonstrated in the following examples.

Examples

This deployment of the name service caching daemon demonstrates installation of a package, configuration of a file, and refreshes the service when the managed configuration file chagnes.

types::package:
  nscd:
    ensure: 'installed'

types::file:
  '/etc/nscd.conf':
    ensure: 'file'
    owner: 'root'
    group: 'root'
    mode: '600'
    require:
      - 'Package[nscd]'
    notify:
      - 'Service[nscd]'
    content: |
      ## FILE MANAGED BY PUPPET - LOCAL CHANGES WILL NOT PERSIST
        logfile                /var/log/nscd.log
        server-user            nscd
        debug-level            0
        paranoia               no
        
        enable-cache           hosts           yes
        positive-time-to-live  hosts           3600
        negative-time-to-live  hosts           20
        suggested-size         hosts           211
        check-files            hosts           yes
        persistent             hosts           yes
        shared                 hosts           yes
        max-db-size            hosts           33554432

types::service:
  nscd:
    ensure: 'running'
    enable: true

This demonstrates use of an exec resource for reloading iptables when the subscribed resource file is updated.

types::file:
  /etc/sysconfig/iptables:
    ensure: 'file'
    owner: 'root'
    group: 'root'
    mode: '600'
    content: |
      *filter
      :INPUT DROP
      :FORWARD DROP
      :OUTPUT ACCEPT
      -A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
      -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
      -A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT
      -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
      COMMIT

types::exec:
  iptables_restore:
    path: '/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin'
    command: 'iptables-restore /etc/sysconfig/iptables'
    subscribe: 'File[/etc/sysconfig/iptables]'
    refreshonly: true

This example demonstrates adding the types concat_file and concat_fragment provided by concat. The additional resources will install an OpenSSH server, configure 'sshd_config' from a concat_file resource, and add content to 'sshd_config' from a concat_fragment resource. This configuration can now be extended with additional concat_fragment resources from elsewhere in hiera.

types::types:
  - 'concat_file'
  - 'concat_fragment'

types::package:
  openssh-server:
    ensure: installed

types::service:
  sshd:
    ensure: 'running'
    enable: true
    require: 'Package[openssh-server]'

types::concat_file:
  /etc/ssh/sshd_config:
    owner: 'root'
    group: 'root'
    mode: '0600'
    ensure_newline: true
    notify: 'Service[sshd]'

types::concat_fragment:
  global_sshd_config:
    target: '/etc/ssh/sshd_config'
    order: '01'
    content: |
      # FILE MANAGED BY PUPPET
      HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
      AuthorizedKeysFile .ssh/authorized_keys
      UsePAM yes
      X11Forwarding yes
      AcceptEnv LANG LC_* LANGUAGE XMODIFIERS
      Subsystem sftp /usr/libexec/openssh/sftp-server

This concat_fragment resource will be added to the above configuration using the specified order. This could also be used for 'Match' blocks or any other configuration snippet that shouldn't apply to the entire environment, but are required for some sub-set of nodes in the hierachy.

types::concat_fragment:
  sensitive_sshd_config:
    target: '/etc/ssh/sshd_config'
    order: '10'
    content: |
      # Only allow login by members of the 'admins' group
      AllowGroups admins

Types

The defined type 'types::binary' works like the standard 'file' type and uses all the same attributes, but the 'content' attribute type must be a base64 encoded string. This is useful for distributing small binary files.

The defined type types::type replaces the legacy create_resources() by abstracting the resource type as documented here. Invoke the defined type with the resource type being created and a '$hash' parameter containing the resource instances and attributes.

For both types::binary and types::type, a defaults parameter is defined as a hash that will be used for default values. The module performs an explicit lookup for types::<type>_defaults for each enabled resource type where a hash is present in hiera, then passes the value as 'defaults' when creating resources. This reduces the amount of data needed to define many resources of the same type with similar attributes. For example, you could set default attributes for all 'service' types as follows:

types::service_defaults:
  ensure: 'running'
  enable: true

types::service:
  service1: {}
  service2: {}
  service3:
    ensure: 'stopped'
    enable: false

Note in the above example how the defined service resources can be set to empty hashes, as the supplied defaults are adequate to complete the resource definitions. Values explicitly defined on a resource instance take precedent over the default values.

Bolt

New with version 0.3.0 of the module is a simple Bolt plan that uses the same hiera driven model to deliver Puppet automation with no server infrastructure requirements. The Bolt plan includes an "apply" block with just a hiera lookup for assigned classes. This enables use of the types module, or any other for that matter, from hiera in Bolt.

To get started with the Bolt plan once Bolt is installed, initialize a Bolt project directory to include this module as follows:

bolt project init --modules southalc-types

Configure the Bolt project, and inventory files to manage the target systems with the correct transport and authentication.

Create a hiera configuration in the Bolt project to assign classes and define puppet resources. Consider the following hiera.yaml structure. This design allows granular configuration of individual nodes, then more general configuration based on the OS name and version. Use of variables in Bolt enables assignment of one or more roles, backed by hiera YAML files. The Bolt inventory can define variables for individual nodes, groups, or globally.

---
version: 5
defaults:
  datadir: data
  data_hash: yaml_data

hierarchy:
  - name: "Puppet Bolt project hierarchy"
    paths:
      - "nodes/%{networking.fqdn}.yaml"            # Host specific data has highest priority
      - "virtual/%{virtual}.yaml"                  # Virtualization overrides per platform
      - "os/%{os.name}-%{os.release.major}.yaml"   # OS name, version specific
      - "os/%{os.family}.yaml"                     # OS family,  generic 
      - "site.yaml"                                # Common to all nodes
  - name: "Roles from assigned variables in Bolt inventory"
    mapped_paths:
      - roles
      - role
      - "roles/%{role}.yaml"

In the "site.yaml" file we can assign classes, define values, and declare resources that are common to all nodes. I generally avoid putting resources in the "site.yaml" and instead use it only for assigning the "types" class and for setting some simple key/value data that is referenced in other hiera files. Variable interpolation in hiera data uses the syntax "%{lookup('')}" for strings, or "%{alias('')}" for other data types. Here's an example "site.yaml"

---
# Classes assigned by hiera lookup()
classes:
  - types

# Values referenced by other hiera YAML files
AD_DOMAIN: example.com
ROOT_PASSWORD: 'your_password_hash'
PUPPETSERVER: "puppet.%{lookup('AD_DOMAIN')}"

Here's an example of a YAML hiera data file to deploy a GitLab server using a role assignment based on variables from the Bolt inventory. Since this role is using the 'gitlab' and 'firewalld' classes, ensure that the modules are available to the Bolt project.

---
# Install and configure GitLab Enterprise

classes:
  - types
  - gitlab
  - firewalld

types::types:
  - firewalld_service

types::package:
  git:
    ensure: installed
  policycoreutils:
    ensure: installed
  postfix:
    ensure: installed

types::user:
  git:
    ensure: present
    system: true
    home: /var/opt/gitlab
    gid: git
    require: 'Group[git]'

types::group:
  git:
    ensure: present
    system: true    
    before: File[/etc/gitlab]

types::file:
  /etc/sysctl.d/90-gitlab.conf:
    ensure: file
    content: |
      # FILE MANAGED BY PUPPET
      vm.swappiness = 1

types::firewalld_service:
  http:
    ensure: present
    service: http

gitlab::external_url: http://%{fqdn}
gitlab::manage_upstream_edition: ee
gitlab::service_manage: true
gitlab::service_provider_restart: true

Feedback

Please use the project wiki on github for feedback, questions, or to share your creative use of this module.

Development

This module is under lazy development and is unlikely to get much attention. That said, it's pretty simple and unlikely to need much upkeep.

Reference

Table of Contents

Classes

• types: Manage any type or defined type from hiera

Defined types

• types::binary: Defined type to create files from base64 encoded data
• types::type: Defined type uses abstract resource types to implement all types

Plans

• types::hiera: A simple Bolt plan to deploy resources defined in hiera

Classes

types

Manage any type or defined type from hiera

Parameters

The following parameters are available in the types class:

• types
• merge

types

Data type: Array

Adds support for additional types or defined types.

merge

Data type: Hash

Manage the merge behavior for hiera lookups.

Defined types

types::binary

Defined type to create files from base64 encoded data

Parameters

The following parameters are available in the types::binary defined type:

• properties
• defaults

properties

Data type: Hash

Hash Properties match the standard file resource, but 'content' must be a base64 encoded string.

defaults

Data type: Hash

A hash of default values to be used when creating resources

Default value: {}

types::type

Defined type uses abstract resource types to implement all types

Parameters

The following parameters are available in the types::type defined type:

• hash
• defaults

hash

Data type: Hash

Hash Contains one or more resource definitions of a given type to be created

defaults

Data type: Hash

Hash Default values used for all resource definitions of a given type

Default value: {}

Plans

types::hiera

A simple Bolt plan to deploy resources defined in hiera

Parameters

The following parameters are available in the types::hiera plan:

• apply_prep_params
• targets

apply_prep_params

Data type: Hash

A optional hash of values used by the puppet_agent::install task, which is invoked when Bolt runs the "apply_prep" function

Default value: {}

targets

Data type: TargetSpec

Release 0.3.6

• Remove default merge strategy knockout_prefix #7. Contributed by TamsenSpelchak

Release 0.3.5

• No functional changes.
• Bumped module metadata to support latest puppet and dependency versions.
• Updated PDK and linted.

Release 0.3.4

• No functional changes. Bumped module dependencies to include the latest versions.

Release 0.3.3

Features

• Added basic unit tests
• Add tags to module metadata

Bugfix

• Bolt plan now uses 'out::message' to display the ApplyResult message for each target
• Declare the data type on the 'defaults' parameter for 'type'

Release 0.3.2

• No functional changes. Updated metadata to support puppet 7

Release 0.3.1

Features

• Added documentation using puppet strings

Bugfix

• Bolt plan can use apply_prep_params to customize puppet agent installation

Release 0.3.0

Features

• Added a simple Bolt plan enabling Puppet catalogs to be built from hiera data and pushed to otherwise unmanaged targets.

Release 0.2.1

Bugfix

• Typo in module hiera including the 'selboolean' class

Release 0.2.0

Features

• Enabled default attributes for all types, reducing the amount of data required in hiera when defining many resources with similar attributes.

Release 0.1.1

Bugfixes

• Added stdlib to module dependencies

Release 0.1.0

Features

Initial release